Okra: Men who eat have 40% less prostate cancer, and kill 72% of human breast cancer cells

Okra boasts an impressive nutrient profile.

The US Department of Agriculture reports that one cup (100 grams) of raw okra contains:

• Calories: 33
• Carbs: 7 grams
• Protein: 2 grams
• Fat: 0 grams
• Fiber: 3 grams
• Magnesium: 14% of the Daily Value (DV)
• Folate: 15% of the DV
• Vitamin A: 14% of the DV
• Vitamin C: 26% of the DV
• Vitamin K: 26% of the DV
• Vitamin B6: 14% of the DV

Two studies(Carr and Maggini, 2017; DiNicolantonio et al. 2015) found that okra is a good source of vitamins C and K1. Vitamin C is a water-soluble nutrient that aids holistic immune function, and vitamin K1 is a fat-soluble vitamin that’s known for its role in blood clotting.

Moreover, okra is low in calories and carbs and contains some protein and fiber. Numerous fruits and vegetables lack protein, which makes okra somewhat unique.

Eating enough protein is linked with weight management, blood sugar control, bone structure, and muscle mass(Pasiakos SM, 2015; Devries and Phillips, 2015).

Antioxidants

Okra is loaded with numerous antioxidants. One study(Xia et al. 2015) found that the main antioxidants in okra are polyphenols, including flavonoids and isoquercetin, as well as vitamins A and C.

Tressera-Rimbau et al.(2017) note that eating a diet high in polyphenols may improve heart health by lowering the risk of blood clots and oxidative damage. It may also support brain health as it can penetrate the brain and protect against inflammation (Sarubbo et al. 2018), enhance symptoms of aging and improve cognition, learning, and memory.

Decreases heart diseases risk

The thick-gel nature of okra called mucilage plays an important role as it kind binds cholesterol during digestion and this trigger it to get rid of the body with the stool instead of maintaining it in the body.

For instance, Wang et al.(2014) conducted an 8-week duration randomly separated mice into 3 groups and gave them a high-fat diet containing 1% or 2% okra powder or a high-fat diet without okra powder. It was found that the mice on the okra diet got rid of extra cholesterol in their stools and had decreased total blood cholesterol levels than the control group.

Okra also contains polyphenols. For instance, Medina-Remón et al.(2017) conducted a 4-year study on 1,100 people and found that those who ate a diet rich in polyphenols had reduced inflammatory markers linked with heart disease.

Anticancer

Okra also contains a type of protein called lectin, which may inhibit the growth of human cancer cells. These properties have been reported to demonstrate potential in many cancer cells which are adumbrated:

The first study report: Okra kills 72% of human breast cancer cells in vitro

This study was conducted by Monte et al.(2014) and found that the lectin in common okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) was shown to kill up to 72% of human breast cancer cells (MCF7) in vitro, mostly by inducing programmed cell death (apoptosis). The okra lectin was found to reduce the growth of breast cancer cells by 63%.  In this study,  the lectin is found in okra seeds, and researchers in this study got their lectin by water extraction from okra seed meal. This anti-cancer lectin was found in 2012 and contained anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive (pain relieving) properties which makes it a very interesting compound for future research.

The authors found that the lectin compound is a “potential therapeutic to combat human breast cancer.”  Apart from the seeds, other parts of okra also have demonstrated anti-cancer properties, namely pectin.

The second study reports: Okra pectin inhibits 75% of highly metastatic melanoma cells in vitro.

This study was conducted by(Sengkhamparn et al. 2009) and found that okra pectin is found just under the skin of the pods, and it contains special compounds (highly branched rhamnogalacturonans). This is unique as it has never before been found in other pectins. Commentators believed that it is one of the recent compounds that are responsible for the effectiveness of pectin against melanoma.

In another study by Vayssade et al.(2010),  pectin inhibited the proliferation of highly metastatic mouse melanoma cells (B16F10) by 75% after 48 hours of treatment and also increased the rate of programmed cell death (apoptosis) by nearly 23-fold. They further discovered that the pectin triggered apoptosis by interacting with Galectin-3. This is akin to the mechanism that exists with the well-known compound Modified Citrus Pectin, however, okra pectin does not have to be modified in any way to have this effect.

Finally: Men who eat okra (Southern diet) have 40% less prostate cancer

The two studies above show clearly that two different components of okra (pectin and lectin) have potent anticancer properties, therefore as usual, we are probably better off consuming the entire edible portion of okra if we want to maximize its anti-cancer benefits. Have any actual benefits been observed in human populations?

One study (Tseng et al. 2004) conducted in the United States found that men eating a Southern dietary pattern (characterized by eating okra, grits, cornbread, beans, rice, and sweet potatoes) had 40% less prostate cancer as compared to those who do not.

Some academic commentators believe that, although the result bordered on statistical significance, this was a fair-sized study that followed nearly 3,800 men for ten years.  The surprising thing about this study is that, apart from okra, beans, and sweet potatoes, the Southern eating pattern was not a very healthy diet, and contained high portions of red meat and bacon which are both known to increase cancer risk. Furthermore, the Southern eating pattern protected men from prostate cancer much more than a vegetable and fruit-rich diet did, even though it contained 24% less fruit and vegetables (29 servings weekly on the Southern diet vs. 38 servings weekly on the fruit & vegetable-rich diet). Research now says that okra could protect us from at least three different cancers.

May lower blood sugar